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Sains Malaysiana 53(4)(2024): 851-868
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5304-10
A Vortex-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent for Parabens
Extraction in Cosmetic Samples Coupled with High Performance Liquid
Chromatography
(Pelarut Eutektik Dalam Berbantu Vortex untuk Pengekstrakan Paraben dalam Sampel Kosmetik Digandingkan dengan Kromatografi Cecair Berprestasi Tinggi)
NURIN FARAWANI BINTI
MUHAMAD YUSRI, NOORASHIKIN BINTI MD SALEH*, TANUSHA DEVI A/P ELAN
SOLAN & MUHAMMAD ZULHAZIMAN MAT SALLEH
Department of Chemical and
Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 8 January 2023/Accepted: 13 March 2024
Abstract
Parabens,
commonly used preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical items,
inhibit harmful germ growth. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are intriguing for
analyte extraction due to superior properties formed through hydrogen bond
acceptors and donor interactions. However, the studies on the optimal DES-based
extraction conditions for paraben-containing cosmetics and the accuracy of
'paraben-free' labels are limited. The most effective DES (DL-Menthol and
decanoic acid, 1:2 molar ratio) was applied to cosmetic samples after heating
at 80 °C following optimization parameters. FTIR study confirmed hydrogen bonds
in DES samples. Both paraben-containing and paraben-free samples showed methyl,
ethyl, and propyl paraben peaks from the HPLC analysis. Cosmetic sample paraben
concentrations ranged from 0.53 mg/L to 26.08 mg/L (non-spiked). LOD and LOQ
were 0.24 mg/L-1.62 mg/L, 0.73 mg/L, and 4.8 mg/L, respectively. Goals were met
by establishing a paraben extraction method using DES and investigating paraben quantities in cosmetics.
Keywords: Cosmetic; deep eutectic solvent; high
performance liquid chromatography; paraben; vortex
Abstrak
Paraben,
bahan pengawet yang biasa digunakan dalam makanan, kosmetik dan bahan
farmaseutikal, merencat pertumbuhan kuman berbahaya. Pelarut Eutektik (DES)
menarik minat untuk pengekstrakan analit kerana sifat unggul yang terbentuk
melalui interaksi penerima dan penderma ikatan hidrogen. Namun, kajian
pengekstrakan menggunakan DES yang optimum untuk kosmetik mengandungi paraben
dan ketepatan label 'bebas paraben' masih terhad. DES yang paling berkesan
(DL-Menthol dan asid dekanoik, nisbah molar 1:2) digunakan pada sampel kosmetik
selepas dipanaskan pada 80 °C mengikut pengoptimuman parameter. Kajian FTIR
mengesahkan kewujudan ikatan hidrogen dalam sampel DES. Analisis HPLC
menunjukkan puncak metil, etil dan propil paraben sama ada sampel mengandungi
paraben atau bebas paraben. Kepekatan paraben dalam sampel kosmetik adalah
dalam julat 0.53 mg/L hingga 26.08 mg/L (tidak disuntik dengan paraben). LOD
dan LOQ masing-masing adalah 0.24 mg/L-1.62 mg/L, 0.73 mg/L, dan 4.8 mg/L.
Matlamat telah tercapai dengan membentuk kaedah pengekstrakan paraben yang
berkesan menggunakan DES dan mengkaji kuantiti paraben dalam kosmetik.
Kata kunci: Kosmetik; kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi; paraben; pelarut eutektik; vortex
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*Corresponding author;
email: noorashikin@ukm.edu.my
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